mysql基本命令大全(mysql多实例安装)

1 背景介绍

我们在数据库运维的过程中.会遇到不同版本的数据库部署需求.同时测试环境数据库需求更是不同.有时为了节省资源.我们需要进行多实例的部署.或者在我们自己学习的过程中也需要进行多实例的部署..比如搭建各种MySQL的集群(mha,PXC,Xenon).这篇文章我将介绍多版本多实例的部署.

2 部署介绍

多版本多实例版本介绍:

下载对应版本MySQL

2.1 软件下载

下载地址:https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

下载对应版本MySQL二进制安装包

2.2 解压对应软件,并做软链接

root@dba1 opt]# ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 304788904 Jul 3 21:50 mysql-5.6.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 661718255 Jul 3 21:52 mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 347814208 Jul 4 02:17 mysql-8.0.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

软链接:
[root@db01 opt]# ln -s /opt/mysql-5.6.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql5616
[root@db01 opt]# ln -s /opt/mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql5733
[root@db01 opt]# ln -s /opt/mysql-8.0.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql8021

2.3 创建对应的数据目录

mkdir /data/5616/data -p
mkdir /data/5733/data -p
mkdir /data/8021/data -p
[root@db01 opt]# ll /data/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 18 Jul 4 02:21 5616
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 18 Jul 4 02:21 5733
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 18 Jul 4 02:22 8021


2.4 对应版本的配置文件准备


[root@db01 var]# cat /data/5616/my.cnf
[mysqld] ?
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql5616
datadir=/data/5616/data
socket=/tmp/mysql5616.sock
server_id=56
port=3306

[root@db01 var]# cat /data/5733/my.cnf


[mysqld]

user=mysql basedir=/usr/local/mysql5733 datadir=/data/5733/data socket=/tmp/mysql5733.sock server_id=57 port=3307 [root@db01 var]# cat /data/8021/my.cnf

[mysqld]

user=mysql basedir=/usr/local/mysql8021 datadir=/data/8021/data socket=/tmp/mysql8021.sock server_id=80 port=3308 授权MySQL [root@db01 opt]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data

3 初始化对应版本的数据库

在这里需要注意的是MySQL5.6版本的初始化方式和5.7 8.0初始化方式不同
MySQL5.6初始化是调用程序目录下边的mysql_install_db脚本进行初始化
首先初始化5.6版本数据库
[root@db01 opt]# /usr/local/mysql5616/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql5616 --datadir=/data/5616/data
Can\'t locate Data/Dumper.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at /usr/local/mysql5616/scripts/mysql_install_db line 42.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/local/mysql5616/scripts/mysql_install_db line 42.
出现这个初始化错误的时候代表缺少一个per的插件.执行命令:
[root@db01 opt]# yum install \'perl(Data::Dumper)\'
然后再进行初始化
[root@db01 opt]# /usr/local/mysql5616/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql5616 --datadir=/data/5616/data
Installing MySQL system tables...2021-07-04 02:34:59 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created!
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created.
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2021-07-04 02:34:59 8251 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.16 started; log sequence number 0
2021-07-04 02:35:00 8251 [Note] Binlog end
2021-07-04 02:35:00 8251 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2021-07-04 02:35:00 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2021-07-04 02:35:01 8251 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977
OK

对MySQL8021进行初始化:
[root@db01 opt]# /usr/local/mysql8021/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql8021 --datadir=/data/8021/data
2021-07-04T06:41:09.105846Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql8021/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.21) initializing of server in progress as process 8326
2021-07-04T06:41:09.141094Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2021-07-04T06:41:11.039769Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2021-07-04T06:41:13.108039Z 6 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.


3.2 启动各版本数据库

启动MySQL5616
/usr/local/mysql5616/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/5616/my.cnf &
启动MySQL5733
/usr/local/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/5733/my.cnf &
启动MySQL8021
/usr/local/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/8021/my.cnf &
查看多实例启动情况
[root@db01 mysql8021]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6694/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 11099/./bin/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::3307 :::* LISTEN 9767/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::3308 :::* LISTEN 11408/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 6694/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::33060 :::* LISTEN 11408/mysqld


3.3 启动过程错误解决


[root@db01 opt]# /usr/local/mysql5733/bin/mysqld
2021-07-04T06:50:33.162662Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-07-04T06:50:33.162787Z 0 [Note] --secure-file-priv is set to NULL. Operations related to importing and exporting data are disabled
2021-07-04T06:50:33.162827Z 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql5733/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.7.33) starting as process 8912 ...
2021-07-04T06:50:33.162871Z 0 [ERROR] Can\'t find error-message file \'/usr/local/mysql/share/errmsg.sys\'. Check error-message file location and \'lc-messages-dir\' configuration directive.
2021-07-04T06:50:33.164529Z 0 [Warning] Can\'t create test file /usr/local/mysql/data/db01.lower-test
2021-07-04T06:50:33.164560Z 0 [Warning] Can\'t create test file /usr/local/mysql/data/db01.lower-test
2021-07-04T06:50:33.164596Z 0 [ERROR] Fatal error: Please read \"Security\" section of the manual to find out how to run mysqld as root!